3. MODERN METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS

MODERN METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF
OSTEOARTHRITIS

G.U. Abdukhamidova, E.D. Zhoroev
Asian International University named after Satkynbai Tentishev
1Department of Therapeutic and Specialized Disciplines
2Department of Surgery

Abstract
Relevance. Osteoarthritis (OA) remains one of the most common degenerative joint
diseases, leading to chronic pain, reduced mobility, and decreased quality of life. According
to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020, approximately 595 million people worldwide
suffer from OA, which is more than double the figures from 1990.
Objective. To analyze modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis and
determine their clinical significance and prospects for practical application.
Methods. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web
of Science, and Google Scholar databases for the period 2015–2024. Peer-reviewed articles,
clinical guidelines (EULAR, ACR, OARSI), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were
included.
Results. Diagnosis of OA includes radiography, ultrasound (level B), MRI (level A for
early OA), and arthroscopy (level B). Biomarkers (CTX-II, COMP) are still under
investigation. Treatment includes non-pharmacological methods (physical activity – level A,
weight loss – level A), pharmacotherapy (NSAIDs, paracetamol), intra-articular injections
(glucocorticosteroids – level B, hyaluronic acid – level B/C), and surgical treatment (level A).
Conclusions. Modern diagnosis of OA is becoming multicomponent. The most effective
approach remains a comprehensive strategy combining non-pharmacological methods,
pharmacotherapy, and modern injection technologies.
Keywords: osteoarthritis, cartilage degeneration, diagnosis, MRI, biomarkers, non
pharmacological treatment, intra-articular injections.